Design and Management of Urban Spaces Based on Passive Defense Principles(Case Study: Zanjan City)

Abstract

Due to its specific geographical and political location, Iran is always exposed to natural and unnatural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, wars, explosions, sabotage actions and hostile threats from enemies, and the city of Zanjan is no exception to this rule. The safety of strategic structures, including hospitals, clinics, fire stations, water supply facilities, power plants and electricity supply facilities, airport control towers, telecommunications centers, radio and television, military and law enforcement facilities, relief and rescue centers, special chemical factories, urban buildings and arteries, bridges, uneven intersections, energy tanks and fuel stations, against natural and unnatural dangers is important, and attention to the issue of passive defense is essential in the design of urban spaces and facilities.In this research, using descriptive and analytical methods and utilizing library and documentary studies, after explaining the principles of passive defense and analyzing its approach in urban areas, the optimal design of urban spaces based on the principles of passive defense was examined, valuable and priority uses and the vulnerability of the city in emergency situations were identified, and sensitive and vital facilities in Zanjan city that are vulnerable due to the poor condition of physical indicators were introduced. Finally, considering that reducing human casualties during natural and unnatural disasters is directly related to the stability of strategic urban elements and structures, suggestions were presented to improve the current situation and enhance the safety of Zanjan city.