The Impact of Sustainable Materials and Modern Construction Techniques on Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings in Low-Sunlight Urban Areas

Abstract

The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of energy worldwide, making the transition toward sustainable and energy-efficient building practices a critical necessity. This study investigates the impact of sustainable and modern construction materials on energy efficiency in residential buildings located in low-sunlight urban areas of England. The research follows an applied–analytical approach, employing both literature review and computer simulation through the Design Builder software to model and analyze residential buildings in the cities of London, Birmingham, and Manchester. The study examines how different wall, roof, and window materials influence heating energy loss under varying climatic conditions. Two scenarios were simulated: one using traditional materials and another employing modern, sustainable alternatives such as double-glazed windows, insulated wall blocks, and rock wool. The comparative analysis revealed that substituting conventional materials with advanced, energy-efficient ones can reduce total energy consumption by up to 46–47%, depending on climatic conditions. Additionally, the use of improved glazing materials allows for a larger window-to-wall ratio, optimizing natural daylight utilization without increasing heat loss. The results emphasize the significant role of material selection in achieving sustainability goals and demonstrate the importance of integrating simulation-based design tools in energy performance evaluation. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable architecture by highlighting practical approaches to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions in residential buildings, particularly in regions with limited solar exposure.